Smart controller releases and stores energy

Can smart control improve energy balance?

The impact of the uncertainty of the energy supply and demand on energy balance can be minimized by smart control, and the interaction between a decentralized system and a smart grid is also optimized (Aduda et al., 2014). Sun et al. have investigated the smart control of an energy internet.

Can multi-agent smart control improve user comfort in smart energy-saving buildings?

Multi-agent smart control and a particle swarm optimization algorithm were adopted to form a compromise between the contradiction between energy consumption and user comfort in smart energy-saving buildings (Wang, Yang, & Wang, 2010). 3. Design optimization of smart energy systems

What are the subsystems of a smart energy system?

The typical subsystems of a smart energy system include power systems, thermal energy systems and other subsystems. 4.1.1. Power systems Extensive studies of the optimization of power systems address some critical issues, such as the appropriate electricity price, optimal power dispatching, grid stability and grid efficiency evaluation.

What determines the performance of a smart energy system?

The actual performance of a well-designed smart energy system is determined to a great extent by the operation and management of the system. This section summarizes recent studies of the optimization of smart energy system operation, which addresses the optimization of individual subsystems and the coordination among multi-energy systems.

Who are the end users of smart energy systems?

The major energy end users consist of the transportation sector, industry sector and building sector, in which the energy demand of buildings accounts for a large proportion of the total energy demand. This study focuses on the role of buildings in the end users of smart energy systems.

Is energy storage a good option for smart energy systems?

Lund et al. reviewed the energy storage of smart energy systems and found that it is a cheaper and more effective solution to integrate more fluctuating renewable energy such as wind energy and solar energy by using thermal energy and fuel storage technology than by relying on electric energy storage (Østergaard et al., 2016). 2.2.4.