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Storage modulus and cross-linking


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Facile fabrication and characterization of high-performance

Borax-PVA hydrogels with excellent mechanical properties are prepared by simple physical mixing of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA, thickener) and borax (cross-linking agent) at room temperature. The resulting hydrogel is a three-dimensional structure composed of boric ester bonds as physical crosslinking points. Thus, the spatial structure, swelling properties,

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Rheological Monitoring of Polyacrylamide Gelation:

The functionality f is the number of strands linked to a cross-linker. The density î e is related to the density of effective junctions n e (in mol m-3) using the following equality:21 From eqs 2 and 3, the elastic modulus is expected to be proportional to n e at constant temperature, but as well as proportional to T at constant n e.

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Study of the cross-linking density effect on the mechanical

The elastic modulus at 90% cross-linking is 9% higher than the experimental value. The Poisson''s ratio was not affected by cross-linking percentage. 3. The elastic modulus of the h-BNNS reinforced DGEBA/DETDA increases with the weight percentage of the h-BNNS. EP80 increased by 22.7% when 1 wt.% of h-BNNS was added, and it increased by 42.23%

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Processing and rheological behavior of cross‐linked polyethylene

The storage modulus was higher than the loss modulus for LLDPE-V(0.6) and LLDPE-V(1.2) and no cross-over point was observed in the frequency range tested. This behavior is characteristic of cross-linked materials. Based on rheological measurements, LLDPE-V(1.2) had the highest cross-link density as it had the largest storage modulus.

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Effect of the Cross-Linking Density on the Swelling and

where m t is the weight of the swollen sample at time t and m o is the initial weight of the dry sample.. 2.2.3. Cross-Linking Density Determination Using Swelling Experiments Flory–Rehner Theory. A weighed amount of about 500 mg of β-CD:PMDA (200 mg in the case of the NS with β-CD:PMDA molar ratio of 1:2) was dispersed in 10 mL of deionized water in a 10-mL test tube

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Ambient temperature cross-linkable acrylic latexes: effect of cross

As observed in Fig. 9, storage modulus (E′) is higher in both glassy and rubbery regions of D *-15 latex films in comparison with D *-5 latex films. Also, these results confirmed the SSA analysis results. The cross-link reaction leads to the storage modulus enhancement in both the glassy and rubbery plateau of each series . The excessive

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Sequential Cross-linking of Gallic Acid-Functionalized GelMA

Figure 8B shows that dual cross-linking using photocross-linking with FeCl 3 resulted in higher elasticity than photocross-linking GelMA and GelMAGA without FeCl 3. At low strain (1%), all samples displayed higher storage modulus and with increasing strain (100%), the storage modulus was reduced, while the loss modulus increased.

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Effects of Chemical Composition and Cross-Linking Degree on

The Young''s modulus as a function of the cross-linking degree for systems with different ESO contents is shown in Figure 11a. The Young''s modulus increases as the cross-linking degree increases, as the increase in the network connectivity makes the material harder. The ESO20 system exhibits the highest Young''s modulus at different cross

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Storage Modulus

The storage modulus of a polymer in the rubbery plateau region was used to determine the cross-link density. The cross-link density (Table 12.5) of the 40% styrene film sample at approximately 40 °C was 66.7 mol/m 3. The cross-link density of the 60% MMA film sample at approximately 50 °C was 77.1 mol/m 3.

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Highly stretchable and conductive hybrid gel polymer electrolytes

The introduction of VSNP into GPE achieves high room temperature ionic conductivity of ~ 10–2 S/cm. Furthermore, the addition of LiAlg enhances the GPE mechanical property due to physical cross-linking between LiAlg and LiA chains, thereby showing high storage modulus of $${G}^{^{prime}}$$ –105 Pa.

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Polymers for Advanced Technologies

Conventional pressure-sensitive adhesives can enhance recoverability through cross-linking but often demonstrate inadequate adhesive strength. In this study, three long-chain crosslinking agents (CL) were synthesized using hydroxyethyl acrylate (HEA), dicyclohexylmethane diisocyanate (HMDI), polypropylene glycol (PPG), polyether amine (PEA

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Fine‐tuning Dynamic Cross–linking for Enhanced 3D Bioprinting

To evaluate the precise time of cross–linking, we determined the crossover point of storage modulus (G′) and loss modulus (G″) as the gelling point (Figure 2c). The gelation data over a longer time is also presented in the Supporting Information (Figures S5—S7, Supporting Information).

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Preparation of poly (acrylic acid) microgels by alcohol type cross

Storage modulus ((G^{prime})) was enhanced by the number of functions in cross-linking agent, and this result approves the previous study result that (G^{prime}) (ω) was enhanced by increasing number of functions of di-vinyl type cross-linking agent.

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Storage Modulus

Storage modulus is the indication of the ability to store energy elastically and forces the abrasive particles radially (normal force). At a very low frequency, the rate of shear is very low, hence for low frequency the capacity of retaining the original strength of media is high. Fly ash enhances the physical cross-link density of AFM

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Tailoring PNIPAM hydrogels for large temperature-triggered

The storage modulus G ′ and the loss modulus G ″ at a selected frequency were plotted against the cross-linking density for P(NIPAM-BIS) and P(NIPAM-PEGDA) hydrogels (Fig. 5) revealing the relative large value of the storage modulus G ′ compared to the loss modulus G ″, which is characteristic for all investigated hydrogels at both

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Rheological properties of cross-linked hyaluronic acid dermal

namic, double cross-linking process yielding cohesive mono-phasic HA gel (26). In Table II the DF rheological properties, in terms of the elastic and viscous modulus, tanδ, the complex rigid-ity modulus and viscosity of all samples at a frequency of 0.1 Hz are listed. The results of the dynamic shear tests are reported

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Effects of Cross-Link Density and Distribution on Static and

The viscoelastic properties of polymers such as the storage modulus, the loss modulus, and the loss tangent show a positive exponential relation with the apparent cross-link density. This work may shed some light on the relevant experimental and theoretical studies

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Understanding the role of cross-link density in the segmental

It has also been often observed that the shear modulus G of epoxy materials often has a weak dependence on cross-link density in comparison with expectations from classical rubber elasticity theory, and G in some cases even decreases with increasing cross-link density at elevated temperatures, T > T g, 38,49 which is hard to comprehend from the

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Influence of cross-link density on the properties of ROMP thermosets

The addition of cross-linker increases the glass transition temperature (T g) and the storage modulus both above and below T g. The storage modulus increase above T g is used to estimate the molecular weight (M c) between entanglements or cross-link sites for both ENB and endo-DCPD-based networks. The cross-linker also greatly accelerates

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Mechanical Properties and Cross-Link Density of

Our results clearly indicate that the average cross-link density of the polymer matrix is significantly reduced with increasing the specific surface area of the filler system. The storage modulus G′ in the plateau range, however, is systematically increasing with increasing surface area of the filler system. Obviously, reinforcement effects

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Effects of Cross-Link Density and Distribution on Static and

The viscoelastic properties of polymers such as the storage modulus, the loss modulus, and the loss tangent show a positive exponential relation with the apparent cross-link density. This work may shed some light on the relevant experimental and theoretical studies on cross-linked polymers.

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About Storage modulus and cross-linking

About Storage modulus and cross-linking

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