Thermal runaway of energy storage batteries

What is thermal runaway in lithium-ion batteries?

The prevention of thermal runaway (TR) in lithium-ion batteries is vital as the technology is pushed to its limit of power and energy delivery in applications such as electric vehicles. TR and the resulting fire and explosion have been responsible for several high-profile accidents and product recalls over the past decade.

Can a battery cause a thermal runaway?

However, there can be faults that occur internally or externally that affect battery performance which can potentially lead to serious safety concerns, such as thermal runaway.

What are the characteristics of battery thermal runaway?

Three characteristic temperatures {T1, T2,T3} are regarded as the most important features of battery thermal runaway. T1 represents the loss of thermal stability, T2 denotes the triggering temperature, and T3 is the maximum temperature that a cell can reach during thermal runaway.

How to avoid thermal runaway in lithium batteries?

Improving the understanding of the working mechanism and principal heat sources of lithium batteries, selecting improved electrode materials, and optimizing the battery system are the main methods for avoiding thermal runaway in lithium batteries. LMBs are widely used in contemporary industry.

How to prevent thermal runaway in a battery pack?

Advanced thermal management methods should consider heat dissipation under normal temperature conditions and prevent thermal runaway (or extend the duration before thermal runaway). The existing thermal management technologies can effectively realize the heat dissipation of the battery pack and reach the ideal temperature (<~35–40°C).

Can thermal runaway be prevented in Li-ion battery applications?

The uncontrollable and irreversible nature of thermal runaway is the main challenge for the mitigation of Li-ion battery safety hazards. It has focused researchers’ attention on the prediction of thermal runaway behaviors to enable early warning or delays, to potentially prevent thermal runaway in Li-ion battery applications.